Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia among Prisoners Confined in Prisons of Punjab
Keywords:
Inguinal hernia, prisoners, Punjab, PakistanAbstract
Objective: To determine the burden and associated risk factors of inguinal hernia among prisoners of Punjab.
Methods: A case control study was conducted, including all willing hernia patients (n=143) and age matched 143 healthy controls. A structured interview questionnaire was developed to collect elicit data on socio-demographic, potential risk factors and physical measurements.
Results: A total of 208 cases of inguinal hernia were recruited for this study. Prevalence was about 4 per 1000 population. Their mean age was 39 years (rang = 16-75 years). Fifty six percent cases entered with inguinal hernia and 44% developed inside prisons. Average time a prisoner patient living in prison with hernia was 47 months. Independent risk factors for inguinal hernia were rural background (OR = 1.7), poor education status (OR = 1.8), lifting heavy weights/mechanical work (OR = 3.2) and strain to pass urine (OR = 4.6). Obesity (BMI > 30) (OR = 0.36) and waist more than 102 cm (OR = 0.37) were protective.
Conclusions: Prevalence of Inguinal hernia was high among prisoners as the they have to wait for long periods for repair. Therefore, to avoid unwanted emergencies early repair of hernia cases is recommended.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University follows the Attribution Creative Commons-Non commercial (CC BY-NC) license which allows the users to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and build upon the material. The users must give credit to the source and indicate, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. However, the CC By-NC license restricts the use of material for commercial purposes. For further details about the license please check the Creative Commons website. The editorial board of JFJMU strives hard for the authenticity and accuracy of the material published in the journal. However, findings and statements are views of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the Editorial Board.