Periodontitis is A Potential Risk Factor for Preterm Labour
Keywords:
Preterm labour, periodontitis, risk factor, association.Abstract
Introduction: Spontaneous preterm labour leading to preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of periodontal disease in Pakistan is high in all age group and periodontitis is considered to be seven time more associated with preterm labour than other risk factors.
Objective: To determine the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm labour.
Study Design: Case control study.
Setting: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit IV, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital/ Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore.
Duration with Dates: March 2013 to August 2014.
Subjects and Methods: One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Out of them 50 patients at >24 to <37 weeks of gestation with preterm labour were placed in group A and other 50 patients at > 37 weeks of gestation of term in group B. Periodontal examination was carried out by dentist including sulcus probing depth, bleeding on probing, periodontal clinical attachment loss and gingival recession, for presence or absence of periodontitis in both groups.
Results: The mean age in group A was 25.7+ 4.0 years and in group B was 26.0 4.5 years. The mean duration of pregnancy in group A was 33.3+1.1 weeks and in group B was 38.1 +1.1 weeks. In the distribution of patients by periodontitis, in group A, 41 (82%) patients had periodontitis and 9 (18%) patients had not periodontitis. In group B, 23 (46%) patients had periodontitis and 27 (54%) patients had no periodontitis with odd ratio of 5.35 (significant)
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that there is a significant association between maternal periodontitis and preterm labour and it is suggested that an assessment of periodontal disease should be included in prenatal care program.
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